Ankit Jain Education's video: Sign conventions for shear force and bending moment calculations ENGINEERING MECHANICS

Sign conventions for shear force and bending moment calculations _ENGINEERING MECHANICS The normal convention used in most engineering applications is to label a positive shear force - one that spins an element clockwise (up on the left, and down on the right). Likewise the normal convention for a positive bending moment is to warp the element in a "u" shape manner (Clockwise on the left, and counter clockwise on the right). Another way to remember this is if the moment is bending the beam into a "smile" then the moment is positive, with compression at the top of the beam and tension on the bottom. This convention was selected to simplify the analysis of beams. Since a horizontal member is usually analyzed from left to right and positive in the vertical direction is normally taken to be up, the positive shear convention was chosen to be up from the left, and to make all drawings consistent down from the right. The positive bending convention was chosen such that a positive shear force would tend to create a positive moment. Shear force is the internal force on a member when the force is not applied at the axis. Shearing force is the force divided by the cross-sectional area. Bending moment is the force trying to rotate the member. Moment is the perpendicular distance from the force to the axis multiplied by the force A uniformly distributed load (UDL) is a load that is distributed or spread across the whole region of an element such as a beam or slab. In other words, the magnitude of the load remains uniform throughout the whole element. A UVL is one which is spread over the beam in such a manner that rate of loading varies from each point along the beam, in which load is zero at one end and increase uniformly to the other end. This type of load is known as triangular load