DEORA RAJENDRASINGH G's video: Hindi Mathew Arnold MEG-5 LITERARY CRITICISM AND THEORY ENGLISH LITERATURE MA ENGLISH

Mathew Arnold *English poet, Essayist Cultural critic *Born: 24 Dec 1822(England) *Father:Thomas Arnold(Headmaster in Rugby school) *During school : won prize for English essay writing,Latin and English poetry Higher studies: Oriel collage,Oxford In 1851 appointed as an inspector of school. Visited many places of England during duty of inspector. LITERARY CAREER *The Strayed Reveller- 1849 *Empedocles on Etna-1852 *A new edition -1853(Sohrab and Tristan & The scholar gipsy *A Balder dead-1854 *Appointed as a professor of English in Oxford university *Reelected in 1862 *Essays on criticism published in 1865 *Culture and Anarchy on social criticism in 1869 *Literature and Dogma based on religious criticism published in 1873 Mathew Arnold as a critic *Called critic's critic *Literary criticism is also popular *According to him: "To know the best that is known and thought in the world, and by in its turn making this known, to create a current of true and fresh ideas" *All were influenced by him *Like T S eliot, F R Leavis, Alen Tate *Primary tools of criticism 1) Comparision 2) Analysis *Criticism on Romantic poets like William Wordsworth, Byron, P B Shelley and John Keats is well known *T S Eliot appriciated the tools of Arnold *According to him: Critic is a benefactor of society. *Critic before Arnold Either they appriciate the poem or find the faults in it. *Arnold presents the thoughts of people as a supporter and propagate the best thoughts. *Poem is not just a medium of presenting your thoughts, it's an alternative of culture and religion. *Poems are the guide of society. *Poems will show the way of life. *Religion just influences the group of few people but poem influences the whole society. *In his own poem we can find the criticism of life. *Potry is superior than philosophy, science and religion. *He endorses Wordsworth ''Poetry is the impassioned expression which is in the countenance of all Science." *''What is a countenance without its expression?'' *"Poetry 'the breath and finer spirit of knowledge." *Arnold "What should be in the poem and what should be not" *Aristotle:"Poetry is superior than history. " *But Arnold said that we should learn from the history and write the poetry because present changes quickly and history is unchanging. *Poetry should have the facts of history. *Arnold said that there should be seriousness in the poetry. *He described different forms of seriousness. *He appriciated the Homer, Milton and Dante, because they are having seriousness in their poetry. * Homer is the best model of a simple grand style. * Milton is the best model of severe grand style. * Dante, however, is an example of both. * Lack of seriousness in the poetry of the G.chaucer. * Arnold : New poets should read the history. * Read the literature of any country and then they should write the poem. * Poetry should have the image of the history. * Arnold : There is lacking of seriousness in the poetry of the William Shakespeare. * The poetey of William Shakespeare is having tragedy and comedy. * He felt that Milton is better than Shakespeare. * It is difficult to say that such seriousness is found in the poetry of Arnold or not. * Seriousness is much important in the poetry. * Seriousness in the poetey keeps its value. * Arnold: Critic should study the old classical literature. * And evaluate the new literature on the basis of old classical literature. Life of Mathew Arnold * From 1853 to 1865. - As a poet * From 1857 to 1875 - As a critic * From 1875 to 1888 - As a cultural critic (thinker) A critic must have *A critic must have the knowledge of history. *A critic must have the knowledge of literature of different language *A critic should study the best literatures of the world. *A critic should not favour anyone. *A critic should be disinterestedness.*He should not have any interest in particular thing. *A critic should show the things as they are looking. * In past people were following the religion or culture. * But in future people will follow poetry. * A poet should write the poem in a manner that people can learn from the poem and develop the standard of life. * Mathew Arnold died : 15 April 1888 Liverpool, England List of Works of Mathew Arnold 1)The Strayed Reveller, and Other Poems 2)Empedocles on Etna, and Other Poems 3)Stanzas from the Grande Chartreuse 4)Sohrab and Rustum 5)The Scholar-Gipsy 6)Memorial Verses to Wordsworth 7)Stanzas in Memory of the Author of "Obermann" 8)Rugby Chapel 8)Thyrsis 9)Essays in Criticism 10)Culture and Anarchy 11)Friendship's Garland Jay Hind Jay Bharat