JTheory's video: The Hidden Electron JTheory

It began with the Electron, Hidden by 2500 years of assumption but taking only a single moment to unravel the wonders of the modern age to what is equivalent to a periodic table of sub atomic particles. The Standard model begins here with the Electron and the Cathode Ray Experiment. Lets find out how! Patreon - https://www.patreon.com/JTheoryScience YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/JTheoryScience Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/JTheoryScience Twitter - https://twitter.com/JTheoryScience Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/JTheoryScience Steam - http://steamcommunity.com/id/JTheoryScience Public Discord - https://discord.gg/Cdeyd48 Credits: 3D Motion Graphics: Jason Forbes Music: Convergence (Short Version) www.Mediatunes.com Shadertoy: www.Shadertoy.com ***Script*** Particle accelerators have revolutionised the modern world. Studying Viruses, Making Smart phones, Nuclear power generation, Sewage sterilisation, MRIs for cancer treatment, Ice creme and Chocolate… yeah, not kidding! the multitude of richer and smoother deserts today is thanks to X-Ray imaging of crystal structures in foods to avoid chalky or icy parts! This is why particles are worthy of multi-billion dollar experiments like the Large Hadron Collider at CERN and since the discovery of the higgs boson in 2013 we now have a Theory of matter and energy that's changing the world faster then the line for the next iphone! Welcome to the Standard Model of particle physics! Greek philosopher Democritus introduced the idea of the Atom almost 2500 years ago. A fundamental point that can not be broken down into smaller constituents. It wasn't until the 1800s when British chemist John Dalton formalised the theory of the atom. but we now know its not the smallest thing there can be. Much like how Dimitri Mendeleev constructed the periodic table of elements scientist began peering into the atoms secrets in the 1897 with Joseph J Thomson and his cathode ray experiments. Here is how that worked. Using a glass tube evacuated of air, a cathode is placed at one end of the tube and the anode on the other. As a voltage is applied to the circuit a beam of energy will flow through the tube to reach the anode. This was called a cathode ray for that exact reason. Thomson placed 2 electrodes near the end of the ray, one positive and one negative. The ray would bend towards the positive electrode like this, Indicating that the ray has a negative charge. Thomson did the same with a magnet and found similar arcing of the ray. Setting up both the electric field and magnetic fields so that they deflect the ray at the same angle. allowed him to calculate with this formula qm=ETheta_E/B^2l the charge to mass ratio of the particles making up the ray. The -1.76x10^8 Coulombs/gram he calculated was over 1000 times lighter then the hydrogen ion, the lightest atom known at the time. Thus the Electron became the first sub atomic particle ever discovered. My videos would just not feel the same without mentioning my favourite physicist, Einstein. Up until 1905 light was thought to be a wave however an experiment proposed by Einstein suggested light also had particle characteristics. The photoelectric effect and its experiments not only proved the existence of the photon but introduced through experimentation ‘particle wave duality’ as a function of quantum mechanics. It won Him the Nobel prize in physics, which is funny, since he is most well known for the masterpiece of General relativity.. Which did not win a Nobel. But did win the respect and admiration of the entire world and in honour of his contributions an element to be named after him einsteinium I will go into this experiment in detail next time If I've earned your subscription I thank you . to be alerted of future episodes hit that bell looking icon next to the subscribe button below I'd like to give a special shout out to my patron Allyson Cornish, Thank you so much for your support, if would like to join Allyson and I with more science madness check out Patreon.com/JtheoryScience. Thanks for watching