MedLecturesMadeEasy's video: Inflammatory autoimmune diseases of the skin

This is a video on cutaneous diseases that originate from inflammatory, hypersensitivity, and autoimmune origins. I created this presentation with Google Slides. Images were created or taken from Wikimedia Commons I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor. Acne vulgaris Rosacea Perioral dermatitis AKA periorificial dermatitis, steroid rosacea , may also include perinasal, nasolabial, or Atopic dermatitis AKA atopic eczema Inflammation of the skin that results in itchy, red, swollen, and dry and/or cracked skin, sometimes with clear fluid released from affected area Wide range of severity Spares the nose (unlike acne vulgaris, rosacea) Epi: common in developed countries (hygiene hypothesis). Up to 20% of children, 3% of adults Often clears by adulthood in children Often associated with other atopic dz (allergic rhinitis, asthma) Presents with itch, and scratching the itch exacerbates the rash (remission-exacerbation cycles) Lesions begin as erythematous papules, which grow and coalesce into plaques → weep, scale, crust Contact dermatitis Pityriasis alba Variant of AD that occurs in children and presents with dry, scaling, pale/hypopigmented patches on the face Usually presents asymptomatically, found in darker skinned or tan children Benign and fades with time, usually self limited Treatment: unnecessary, can use sunscreen to minimize tanning to Seborrheic dermatitis AKA seborrheic eczema or seborrhea Mild dermatitis that presents with scaly, greasy, flaky, itchy, red skin, affecting sebaceous glands of skin, often on nasolabial fold, scalp, hairline, eyelids, eyebrows, central face, external auditory canals, central chest Can be hypopigmented in dark skin Nummular dermatitis AKA discord dermatitis/eczema, microbial eczema, nummular eczema, nummular neurodermatitis Asteatotic dermatitis AKA asteatotic eczema, xerotic eczema, winter itch/eczema Type of dermatitis characterized by changes in weather → cold Irritant diaper dermatitis Presents as redness, erosions in diaper area sparing the skin folds; might have ulcerations Affects convex surfaces, limited to exposed areas Moist skin is more easily irritated Stasis dermatitis AKA varicose eczema Skin changes including brown macules or patches, petechiae, red Dyshidrotic eczema AKA dyshidrosis, pompholyx Type of dermatitis with itchy blisters on palms of hands and sides of feet and toes Tapioca pudding appearance of fluid Pityriasis rosea AKA pityriasis rosea Gibert Urticaria hives Dermatographism: subtype with sharply localized wheals appearing seconds after physical trauma Angioedema AKA angiooedema, Quincke's edema, angioneurotic edema Rapid swelling of dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa, and submucosa tissues Similar etiology and pathophysiology to urticaria, but swelling here occurs in deeper layers Psoriasis Autoimmune disease in which skin patches and red/itchy/scaly skin forms Epi: 2% of US, frequently starts at ages 20-30 and 50-60 Types/morphologies Plaque: scaly, red patches, papules, plaques, sometimes itchy Associated with psoriatic arthritis in 10-25% (seronegative spondyloarthropathy), affecting DIP joints most commonly → especially associated with nail pitting Vitiligo Skin condition characterized by patches of skin losing pigment. Patches become white and depigmented with sharp margins. Caused by autoimmune attack on melanocytes Pemphigus vulgaris Chronic blistering autoimmune skin disease caused by type II hypersensitivity Antibody formation against desmosomes (desmogleins 1 and 3) that keep cells bound together in epidermis Presents with superficial bullae and erosions, extensive across body Bullous pemphigoid Acute or chronic autoimmune skin disease caused by type II hypersensitivity Necrobiosis lipoidica AKA necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum (NLD) Necrotising skin condition, usually occurs with diabetes Sweet’s syndrome AKA acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis Skin disease characterized by sudden onset of fever, elevated WBC, tender, red, well demarcated papules and plaques that show dense Erythema nodosum Inflammatory condition characterized by inflammation of the fat cells under the skin (panniculitis) → tender red nodules or bumps Often on lower legs, without ulceration Calciphylaxis AKA calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA) Vascular calcification, thrombosis, and skin necrosis caused by extraskeletal calcification, often occurring in pts with ESRD on lower extremities and trunk Drug induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) AKA drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms or DRESS syndrome Stevens–Johnson syndrome / toxic epidermal necrolysis Life threatening skin emergency caused by adverse reaction to drugs in which epidermis detaches from dermis, leaving body susceptible to infection SJS is less than 10% BSA, TEN is greater than 30% BSA, in between is mixed