MedLecturesMadeEasy's video: Infectious esophagitis

This is a mechanism of disease map for infectious esophagitis, including the etiology, pathophysiology, pharmacology, and manifestations ADDITIONAL TAGS: Risk factors / SDOH Cell / tissue damage Vascular / flow physiology Infectious esophagitis Medicine / iatrogenic Infectious / microbial Environment / toxins Immunology / inflammation Signs / symptoms Tests / imaging / labs Diet / nutrition Genetics / hereditary Neoplasm / cancer Pathophysiology + Pharmacology Etiology Manifestations Infectious esophagitis: inflammation of the esophagus caused by microbial infection Immunosuppression / immune system deficit HIV → AIDS (CD4 200/mcL) Various malignancies Organ / graft transplantation Chronic kidney disease / dialysis Infection with herpes simplex (HSV-1) Infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) Fungal infection with Candida spp Bacterial infection (Actinomyces spp., Mycobacteria) Parasitic infection (Chagas disease, Toxoplasma gondii) Odynophagia Dysphagia Heartburn, regurgitation Chest pain (retrosternal) Fever First line: fluconazole Alternative: echinocandins Acyclovir IV ganciclovir → oral valganciclovir OR foscarnet Ulcers and thrush in the oral mucosa Endo: mucosal erosions and linear ulcers (proximal esophagus) Histo: basophilic inclusions; macrophage aggregates Endo: superficial, punched-out ulcers (distal esophagus) Histo: eosinophilic Cowdry A inclusions; multinucleated giant cells Endo: white, yellowish adherent plaques called pseudomembranes Histo: pseudohyphae with visible spores ↑ Upwards Arrow 24 ↓ Downwards Arrow 25 → Rightwards Arrow 26 ← Leftwards Arrow 27 ↔ Left-Right Arrow 29 ↕ Up-Down Arrow 18