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The United Nations (UN) Study Material E-Book PDF Download DOWNLOAD LINK : PDF-1 & PDF-2 http://www.studytotal.in/the-united-nations-un-study-material-e-book-pdf-download/ The United Nations Download pdf for GPSC Class 3 Like Bin sachivalay talati Gsssb exams And PSI exam too. The United Nations and its Functioning Introduction: • Headquartered in New York, USA, The United Nations is a unique organization of independent countries designed to make the enforcement of international law, security, economic development, social progress and human rights easier for countries around the world. • The organisation formally (officially) came into existence on 24th October 1945, with 51 countries considered as founding members and several non-governmental organisation, who signed the charter which was drafted at the UN Conference on International Organisation in San Francisco, California. • By the end of July 2011, the membership of the UN had grown to 193 as the South Sudan is being welcomed as the last member into the community of nations on 14th July 2011. How the Idea came: • There were several international treaty organizations and conferences formed to regulate conflicts between nations, such as the International Committee of the Red Cross and the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. Following the catastrophic loss of life in the First World War, the Paris Peace Conference established the League of Nations to maintain harmony between countries. • However, the League lacked representation for colonial peoples (then half the world’s population) and significant participation from several major powers, including the US, USSR, Germany and Japan. • The League failed to act against the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1937, Second Italo-Ethiopian War in 1935, the Japanese invasion of China in 1937 and German expansion under Adolf Hitler that culminated in the Second World War. • The World Leaders, who collaborated to end the WW-II, felt a strong need for a mechanism which will possibly bring all nations together through a global organization. The United Nations was to be that Organisation. Main Organs of the UN • General Assembly: The General Assembly is the main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the UN. All 193 Member States of the UN are represented in the General Assembly, making it the only UN body with universal representation. • Security Council: The Security Council has primary responsibility, under the UN Charter, for the maintenance of international peace and security. It has 15 Members (5 permanent and 10 non-permanent members). Each Member has one vote. The Security Council takes the lead in determining the existence of a threat to the peace or act of aggression. In some cases, the Security Council can resort to imposing sanctions or even authorize the use of force to maintain or restore international peace and security. Permanent members are China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States—and ten non-permanent members—Angola (term ends 2016), Chad (2015), Chile (2015), Jordan (2015), Lithuania (2015), Malaysia (2016), New Zealand (2016), Nigeria (2015), Spain (2016), and Venezuela (2016).[82] The five permanent members hold veto power over UN resolutions. • Economic and Social Council: The Economic and Social Council is the principal body for coordination, policy review, policy dialogue and recommendations on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as implementation of internationally agreed development goals. • International Court of Justice: The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. Its seat is at the Peace Palace in the Hague (Netherlands). The Court’s role is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by States and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies. • Secretariat: The Secretariat comprises the Secretary-General and tens of thousands of international UN staff members who carry out the day-to-day work of the UN as mandated by the General Assembly and the Organization’s other principal organs. The Secretary-General is chief administrative officer of the Organization, appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council for a five-year, renewable term. Subscribe Our Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKyefiKZAChM8psVi90KHJw JOIN TELEGRAM StudyTotal GROUP https://t.me/StudyTotal Join Whatsapp Group http://www.studytotal.in/whatsapp/ Daily Visit Our WebSite For Job Updates And Study Material Download http://www.studytotal.in/ OUR SOCIAL PRESENCE: Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/mystudytotal/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/studytotal Google Plus Page: https://plus.google.com/u/0/b/113823554585831479387/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/studytotal/ Email Us At : mystudytotal@gmail.com