Raghu Bhai's video: Mimamsa Indian Philosophy UPSC Lecture Hindi English

Amazon link for INDIAN PHILOSOPHY book : https://www.amazon.in/dp/B084X6SBBZ/ref=cm_sw_r_wa_apa_i_9r9tEbPNB3FN5 Link for my other channel EXPRESSED : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_bSQEf55Dpp35IAvUaPKRQ/featured Link for video description of INDIAN PHILOSOPHY book : https://youtu.be/DC8PPUFZ7vY *** Mimamsa | Indian Philosophy | UPSC | Lecture | मीमांसा दर्शन का सामान्य परिचय | Hindi | English | Philosophy For UPSC *** Mīmāṃsā (Sanskrit: मीमांसा) is a Sanskrit word that means "reflection" or "critical investigation" and thus refers to a tradition of contemplation which reflected on the meanings of certain Vedic texts. This tradition is also known as Pūrva-Mīmāṃsā because of its focus on the earlier (pūrva) Vedic texts dealing with ritual actions, and similarly as Karma-Mīmāṃsā due to its focus on ritual action (karma). It is one of six Vedic "affirming" (āstika) schools of Hinduism. This particular school is known for its philosophical theories on the nature of dharma, based on hermeneutics of the Vedas, especially the Brāḥmanas and Saṃhitas. The Mīmāṃsā school was foundational and influential for the vedāntic schools, which were also known as Uttara-Mīmāṃsā for their focus on the "later" (uttara) portions of the Vedas, the Upaniṣads. While both "earlier" and "later" Mīmāṃsā investigate the aim of human action, they do so with different attitudes towards the necessity of ritual praxis. Mīmāṃsā has several sub-schools, each defined by its epistemology. The Prābhākara sub-school, which takes its name from the seventh-century philosopher Prabhākara, described the five epistemically reliable means to gaining knowledge: pratyakṣa or perception; anumāna or inference; upamāṇa, by comparison and analogy; arthāpatti, the use of postulation and derivation from circumstances; and śabda, the word or testimony of past or present reliable experts. The Bhāṭṭa sub-school, from philosopher Kumārila Bhaṭṭa, added a sixth means to its canon; anupalabdhi meant non-perception, or proof by the absence of cognition (e.g., the lack of gunpowder on a suspect's hand). The school of Mīmāṃsā consists of both atheistic and theistic doctrines, but the school showed little interest in systematic examination of the existence of Gods. Rather, it held that the soul is an eternal, omnipresent, inherently active spiritual essence, and focused on the epistemology and metaphysics of dharma. For the Mīmāṃsā school, dharma meant rituals and social duties, not devas, or gods, because gods existed only in name. The Mīmāṃsakas also held that Vedas are "eternal, author-less, [and] infallible", that Vedic vidhi, or injunctions and mantras in rituals are prescriptive kārya or actions, and the rituals are of primary importance and merit. They considered the Upaniṣads and other texts related to self-knowledge and spirituality as subsidiary, a philosophical view that Vedānta disagreed with. Mīmāṃsā gave rise to the study of philology and the philosophy of language. While their deep analysis of language and linguistics influenced other schools of Hinduism, their views were not shared by others. Mīmāṃsakas considered the purpose and power of language was to clearly prescribe the proper, correct and right. In contrast, Vedāntins extended the scope and value of language as a tool to also describe, develop and derive. Mīmāṃsakas considered orderly, law driven, procedural life as central purpose and noblest necessity of dharma and society, and divine (theistic) sustenance means to that end. The Mīmāṃsā school is a form of philosophical realism. A key text of the Mīmāṃsā school is the Mīmāṃsā Sūtra of Jaimini. Source : Wikipedia *** mimamsa mimamsa philosophy mimamsa philosophy upsc mimamsa philosophy in hindi mimamsa philosophy in english mimamsa school of indian philosophy khyativada khyativada in indian philosophy pramanyavada in indian philosophy मीमांसा दर्शन का सामान्य परिचय मीमांसा दर्शन के सिद्धांत मीमांसा दर्शन में धर्म मीमांसा का अर्थ मीमांसा दर्शन के रचनाकार कौन है प्रामाण्यवाद ख्यातिवाद philosophy books philosophy books for upsc best books for philosophy optional upsc indian philosophy book indian philosophy books pdf philosophy books for beginners philosophy books to read indian philosophy upsc indian philosophy indian philosophy in hindi indian philosophy lectures indian philosophy lectures for upsc upsc philosophy optional nyaya philosophy raghu bhai *** Indian philosophy lectures for UPSC, RPSC, UPPSC, UPPCS & other exams for Hindi & English medium students. Based on Patanjali classes, this lecture covers : Pramanas, upamana, arthapatti, khyativada, epistemology, metaphysics and other topics related to Mimamsa philosophy. ***