Science and myths's video: Quasi-Particle Spinons vs Quantum spin liquids

Magnetism in any material arises due to the following 3 reasons - orbital motion of electrons, electronic spin and induced magnetic moment . Magnetic materials tend to arrange their electronic spins in specific orders like in parallel direction or anti-parallel direction or randomly oriented direction due to their specific spin ordering we get different types of materials like paramagnets, ferro- magnets, antiferromagnets etc. If we consider the Heisenberg exchange hamiltonian based on the value of the exchange coupling constant J we get a parallel and anti-parallel spin arrangement i.e ferromagnets and antiferromagnets. For the ferromag- net, we get a negative coupling constant and positive in the case of an antiferromagnet. However, in magnetism, we see the various magnetic interactions but nature never fails to surprise us. There may be materials which have competing magnetic interactions. In such a scenario, things become somewhat complex. In 1973, Anderson introduced the idea of Quantum spin liquids QSLs in which two spins interacts antif- eromagnetically to pair into a singlet state and form a valence bond, ground state is given by the product of all singlet states i.e forming valence bond solids. However VBS have only short range entanglement and they can be order so they can not be considered as the QSL. When the Pauling introduced the resonating valence bond they could form QSL and Anderson claimed it to be a ground state of hexagonal lattice but this turns out to be wrong as the spin is at 120 degrees. P.W Anderson came up with the model to describe the ground state of the J greater than 0 antiferromagnetic interacting spins on a 2-d triangular lattice and the model which he proposed is the RVB Resonating Valence Bond in which any of the 2 anti-parallel spins out of the three combine to form a valence bond which we call it as a spin singlet as a singlet have a combination of parallel and anti-parallel spins the corresponding total spin of the spin-singlet is 0 i.e S=0 and so, there is no net magnetic moment. Now due to the geometrical frustration that arises from the competing spins, there is not any one particular fixed arrangement of these spin singlets instead we could say that magnetic frustrations lead to a ground state degeneracy.Quantum Mechanically we could say that the wave-function in these resonating valence bond states is the superposition of all the corresponding singlet states in as many configurations as they can arrange themselves these states of superposition leads to the ground state degeneracy in the system in such case the VBS interacting spin don’t develop a long range magnetic ordering even at absolute zero temperature and the resonating pattern of these singlet spin states which keeps on fluctuating even at absolute zero these pattern of spins acts like a liquid and the term proposed for these novel states is the QSL Quantum Spin Liquids Now to know more watch out the full video.... Report link- https://drive.google.com/file/d/1EQjHFeKen7hN9w1HiO5ao7gEgPRObsho/view?usp=sharing Thanks for watching… Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/scienceandmyths/ Facebook Page- https://www.facebook.com/ScienceAndMyths/ जानिए समय का एक अनोखा मायाजाल Nikola Tesla vs illusion of time FAIR-USE COPYRIGHT DISCLAIMER This video is meant for Educational/Inspirational purpose only. We do not own any copyrights, all the rights go to their respective owners. The sole purpose of this video is to inspire, empower and educate the viewer Now to know more watch out the full video. Thanks for watching… Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/scienceandmyths/ Facebook Page- https://www.facebook.com/ScienceAndMyths/ जानिए क्यों सदियों से वैज्ञानिको को तलाश है इस Quasi-Particle की | Spinons vs Quantum spin liquids FAIR-USE COPYRIGHT DISCLAIMER This video is meant for Educational/Inspirational purpose only. We do not own any copyrights, all the rights go to their respective owners. The sole purpose of this video is to inspire, empower and educate the viewer Now to know more watch out the full video. Thanks for watching… Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/scienceandmyths/ Facebook Page- https://www.facebook.com/ScienceAndMyths/ जानिए समय का एक अनोखा मायाजाल Nikola Tesla vs illusion of time FAIR-USE COPYRIGHT DISCLAIMER This video is meant for Educational/Inspirational purpose only. We do not own any copyrights, all the rights go to their respective owners. The sole purpose of this video is to inspire, empower and educate the viewer