Solution- Pharmacy's video: Anatomy Physiology 76 Synaptic Transmission in Nerve Synapse in Neurons Synaptic Cleft

Download the "Solution Pharmacy" Mobile App to Get All Uploaded Notes, Model Question Papers, Answer Papers, Online Tests and other GPAT Materials - https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=co.bolton.nqilv The transmission of nerve impulses from its origin to their destination involves more than one neuron, and the point where the nerve impulses pass from one nerve to another is called a synapse. Synapse is the area where the terminal branch of the axon (Axon terminal) of one neuron passes the information to the end of dendrites of another neuron. The nerve before synapse is called presynaptic nerve and the nerve after the synapse is called as post synaptic nerve. The other area of synapse are between the axon ending and the muscle or between axon ending and glands. The axon terminals of the presynaptic neurons breaks into minute branches that end into small swealing called synaptic knob. The synaptic knob consist of spherical synaptic vesicles that contain chemical called neurotransmitters, which is synthesized by the nerve cell, stored in the vesicles and release in response to stimuli to the synaptic cleft and further binds to its respective receptors in post synaptic nerve. Synaptic transmission is the process by which nerve cells, or neurons, communicate with each other in the nervous system. It involves the transmission of chemical signals, called neurotransmitters, across the synapse, which is the small gap between the sending neuron (presynaptic neuron) and the receiving neuron (postsynaptic neuron). Here's a step-by-step explanation of synaptic transmission: 1. Action potential: When an electrical signal, known as an action potential, reaches the end of the presynaptic neuron, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters. An action potential is a rapid, temporary change in the electrical potential across the neuron's membrane. 2. Neurotransmitter release: The action potential reaching the end of the presynaptic neuron causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open. Calcium ions (Ca2+) rush into the presynaptic terminal, triggering the release of neurotransmitter molecules from small sacs called synaptic vesicles. These vesicles fuse with the presynaptic membrane and release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. 3. Synaptic cleft: The synaptic cleft is the narrow gap between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. The neurotransmitters diffuse across this gap. 4. Receptor binding: Neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft bind to specific receptor molecules located on the postsynaptic neuron's membrane. The receptors are usually proteins that are embedded in the membrane. 5. Postsynaptic potential: When neurotransmitters bind to their receptors, they can either excite or inhibit the postsynaptic neuron, depending on the type of neurotransmitter and receptor involved. Excitatory neurotransmitters, such as glutamate, depolarize the postsynaptic neuron, making it more likely to generate an action potential. Inhibitory neurotransmitters, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), hyperpolarize the postsynaptic neuron, making it less likely to generate an action potential. 6. Neurotransmitter clearance: After the neurotransmitters have exerted their effects, they need to be cleared from the synaptic cleft to stop the signal transmission. This clearance can occur through various mechanisms, including reuptake by the presynaptic neuron, enzymatic degradation, or diffusion away from the synapse. Get in touch with the solution by just clicking the following links- Facebook Group- https://www.facebook.com/groups/solutionpharamcy Mobile App - https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=co.bolton.nqilv New Channel (Pharmacy Dictionary) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCt6OXVV_2oxf5DD0Mad6e9A E-Mail for official and other work - solutionpharmacy@gmail.com