Solution- Pharmacy's video: Spectroscopy Part 8 Mass Spectroscopy Part 2 Instrumentation Working Phytochemistry Part 38

Download the "Solution Pharmacy" Mobile App to Get All Uploaded Notes, Model Question Papers, Answer Papers, Online Tests and other GPAT Materials - https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=co.bolton.nqilv Spectroscopy (Part 7)| Mass Spectrometry (Part 1) Introduction & Principle | Phytochemistry(Part 37) https://youtu.be/phEyjmvI-ck Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique used to identify and quantify molecules based on their mass-to-charge ratio. Here's a brief overview of the instrumentation involved: 1. Ionization Source: The first step in mass spectrometry is ionization, where molecules are converted into ions. There are various ionization techniques, including electron impact ionization (EI), electrospray ionization (ESI), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), and chemical ionization (CI). 2. Mass Analyzer: Once the molecules are ionized, the ions are separated based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) in the mass analyzer. Common types of mass analyzers include: a. Quadrupole: Uses electric fields to selectively transmit ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio. b. Time-of-Flight (TOF): Measures the time it takes for ions to travel a known distance. Lighter ions travel faster, so their mass can be determined based on their time of flight. c.Ion Trap: Traps ions using electric and magnetic fields, then selectively ejects ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio. d. Orbitrap: A type of ion trap that uses an electrostatic field to trap ions in an orbit, measuring their frequencies to determine their masses. e. FT-ICR (Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance): Ions are trapped in a magnetic field and their frequencies are measured to determine their masses. 3. Detector: The separated ions are detected based on their m/z ratio. Common detectors include electron multipliers, photomultiplier tubes, and ion-to-electron converters. The detector generates an electrical signal proportional to the abundance of each ion. 4. Data Analysis: The data collected from the detector is processed and analyzed using specialized software. This software identifies peaks corresponding to different ions based on their mass-to-charge ratios and intensities. It can then be used to determine the molecular structure, composition, and quantity of the sample. Mass spectrometry (MS) is extensively used in the analysis of natural products, which are compounds derived from plants, animals, or microorganisms. Here are some key applications of mass spectrometry in natural products research: 1. **Structural Elucidation**: MS is invaluable for determining the chemical structures of natural products. By analyzing the mass-to-charge ratios of ions produced from the sample, researchers can infer the molecular formula and structural features of the compounds. This helps in identifying novel natural products and elucidating their complex chemical structures. 2. Metabolomics: Metabolomics involves the comprehensive analysis of small molecules (metabolites) present in biological systems. 3. Quality Control and Authentication: MS is utilized for quality control and authentication of natural products, such as herbal medicines and dietary supplements. By comparing the mass spectra of authentic samples with those of unknown samples, authenticity, purity, and the presence of adulterants or contaminants can be assessed. 4. Bioactivity Screening: MS-based techniques are employed in bioactivity screening of natural products to identify compounds with potential therapeutic properties. 5. Natural Product Dereplication: Dereplication is the process of rapidly identifying known compounds in natural product extracts to prioritize the isolation and characterization of novel compounds. 6. Isotopic Labeling Studies: Stable isotope labeling combined with MS enables the tracing of metabolic pathways and elucidation of biosynthetic mechanisms of natural products. 7. Environmental Analysis: MS is employed in environmental studies to analyze natural products such as toxins, phytotoxins, and marine natural products. It helps in monitoring environmental pollutants, assessing ecological impacts, and investigating the role of natural products in ecological interactions. Get in touch with the solution by just clicking the following links- Facebook Group- https://www.facebook.com/groups/solutionpharamcy Mobile App - https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=co.bolton.nqilv New Channel (Pharmacy Dictionary) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCt6OXVV_2oxf5DD0Mad6e9A E-Mail for official and other work - solutionpharmacy@gmail.com