TECH T.P MALAYALAM 's video: HOW TO MAKE A MASK AT HOME MASK MAKING FROM CLOTH BAG TECH T P MALAYALAM

HOW TO MAKE A MASK This article is about the group of viruses. For the disease involved in the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic, see Coronavirus disease 2019. For the virus that causes this disease, see Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. OrthocoronavirinaeTransmission electron micrograph(TEM) of avian infectious bronchitis virusIllustration of the morphology of coronaviruses; the club-shaped viral spike peplomers, colored red, create the look of a corona surrounding the virionwhen observed with an electron microscope.Virus classification(unranked):VirusRealm:RiboviriaPhylum:incertae sedisOrder:NidoviralesFamily:CoronaviridaeSubfamily:OrthocoronavirinaeGenera[1]AlphacoronavirusBetacoronavirusGammacoronavirusDeltacoronavirusSynonyms[2][3][4]Coronavirinae Coronaviruses are a group of related viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans, coronaviruses cause respiratory tract infectionsthat can be mild, such as some cases of the common cold (among other possible causes, predominantly rhinoviruses), and others that can be lethal, such as SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. Symptoms in other species vary: in chickens, they cause an upper respiratory tract disease, while in cows and pigs they cause diarrhea. There are yet to be vaccines or antiviral drugs to prevent or treat human coronavirus infections. Coronaviruses constitute the subfamilyOrthocoronavirinae, in the family Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales, and realm Riboviria.[5][6] They are enveloped viruseswith a positive-sense single-stranded RNAgenome and a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry. The genome size of coronaviruses ranges from approximately 27 to 34 kilobases, the largest among known RNA viruses.[7] The name coronavirus is derived from the Latin corona, meaning "crown" or "halo", which refers to the characteristic appearance reminiscent of a crown or a solar coronaaround the virions (virus particles) when viewed under two-dimensional transmission electron microscopy, due to the surface being covered in club-shaped protein spikes. Contents 1Discovery2Etymology3Morphology4Genome5Life cycle5.1Entry5.2Replication5.3Release6Transmission7Taxonomy8Evolution9Human coronaviruses10Outbreaks of coronavirus-related diseases10.1Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)10.2Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)10.3Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)11Other animals11.1Diseases caused11.2In domestic animals12Genomic cis-acting elements13Genome packaging14See also15References16Further reading Discovery Human coronaviruses were first discovered in the late 1960s.[8] The earliest ones discovered were an infectious bronchitis virus in chickens and two in human patients with the common cold (later named human coronavirus 229E and human coronavirus OC43).[9] Other members of this family have since been identified, including SARS-CoV in 2003, HCoV NL63 in 2004, HKU1 in 2005, MERS-CoV in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 (formerly known as 2019-nCoV) in 2019. Most of these have involved serious respiratory tract infections. Etymology The name "coronavirus" is derived from Latin corona, meaning "crown" or "wreath", itself a borrowing from Greek κορώνηkorṓnē, "garland, wreath". The name refers to the characteristic appearance of virions(the infective form of the virus) by electron microscopy, which have a fringe of large, bulbous surface projections creating an image reminiscent of a crown or of a solar corona. This morphology is created by the viral spike peplomers, which are proteinson the surface of the virus.[10][11] Morphology Cross-sectional model of a coronavirus Coronaviruses are large pleomorphic spherical particles with bulbous surface projections.[12] The diameter of the virus particles is around 120 nm.[13] The envelope of the virus in electron micrographs appears as a distinct pair of electron dense shells.[14] The viral envelope consists of a lipid bilayerwhere the membrane (M), envelope (E) and spike (S) structural proteins are anchored.[15] A subset of coronaviruses (specifically the members of betacoronavirus subgroup A) also have a shorter spike-like surface protein called hemagglutinin esterase (HE).[5] Inside the envelope, there is the nucleocapsid, which is formed from multiple copies of the nucleocapsid (N) protein, which are bound to the positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome in a continuous beads-on-a-string type conformation.[13][16] The lipid bilayer envelope, membrane proteins, and nucleocapsid protect the virus when it is outside the host cell.[17] Genome Schematic representation of the genome organization and functional domains of S protein for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Coronaviruses contain a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome. The Subscribe And Plz share this video...................