pwong702's video: Yijia Fanshendiao Emancipation Melody of the Yi People - Hulusheng

《彝家翻身調》[Yijia Fanshendiao] "Emancipation Melody of the Yi People" - 葫蘆笙 [Hulusheng] 演奏 (Performed by): 四川省涼山彝族自治州文工團 [Sichuansheng Liangshan Yizu Zizhizhou Wengongtuan] "The Cultural Troupe of the Liangshan Yi Nationality Autonomous Chou, Sichuan Province" Digitized by Patrick Wong from LP:sichuan China Record (中国唱片) M-806 -《社會主義道路最寬廣》[Shehuizhuyi Daolu Zui Kuanguang] "The Socialist Road is the Broadest of All" - 四川省涼山彝族自治州文工團演唱(奏)的節目 "Performances by the Cultural Troupe of the Liangshan Yi Nationality Autonomous Chou, Sichuan (Szechuan) Province" 錄音日期: 不詳 (Recording date: unknown) 唱片發行日期: 1967年 (Released in 1967) -- 同是彝族葫芦笙，又有不同的种类，不同的构造。云南各地彝族葫芦笙有三管、六管、九管和十三管之分。这里对广西那坡县及云南富宁县彝族葫芦笙内外结构，作些分析和介绍。 1、外形 广西那坡县和云南富宁县彝族共用五管葫芦笙(习惯称“五笙”，彝话叫“央”)。这种五管笙(即五笙)，同样离不开笙斗、笙簧和笙管。笙斗用一只内径约十公分的长颈葫芦制成。颈的长度约十五公分，为葫芦笙吹口。这种葫芦也必须人工培育。因为在自然生长葫芦中，难找到这种标准规格的葫芦，因此，葫芦藤长出嫩葫芦时，制作葫芦笙的师傅便用棉布或竹壳，做成个葫芦笙斗模型的套兜，套在嫩葫芦上，使它按所需要的形状生长。长到所需要的大小程度时，将它摘来晾干，而后动手制作葫芦笙。 五条管用荻芦竹(亦称芦竹)做成，最长一条叫“母管”，长八十公分。其他四条统称“子管”，分别长五十五公分(两条)、四十九公分和四十四公分。母管的音孔在靠近笙斗一公分的位置上；子管音孔在离笙斗三十五公分的地方。母管的音孔由右手中指按音，四条子管的音孔由左手一、二、三、四指按音，吹奏时取哪条管的音就打开哪条管的音孔(母管音要封堵才有音)。五条管用竹篾箍分别在离笙斗二十公分和四十公分的地方箍住。 2、内部构造 彝族葫芦笙的外部形状并不十分复杂，只要有材料，不少人都可以做得出来，但是其内部关键而细小的零件装置，没有一定功夫的人是不可能做得出来的。关键的零件主要是簧片及其安装的位置。位置不适当就吹不响，或者是奏不出所需要的音。每条管都有一块簧片，但簧片安装的位置不同，四条子管的簧片装在插入笙斗的一端：母管簧片的位置也前后有别，能发出不同的音高和音色。 彝族葫芦笙的簧片多以金竹为材料(也有以铜片为材料)，雕凿的功夫相当精细。 铜片比金竹片耐用，但是彝族同胞们却一般不用铜片，而用金竹片。其中包含着该民族的另一种崇拜因素。彝族人民除了葫芦图腾崇拜，还有许多关于金竹育人的传说，他们也常以金竹喻人。一些村寨彝族同胞以葫芦象征彝族祖灵，而以金竹象征在世活人，以金竹作为本民族的化身，本民族的骄傲。 (http://www.gxlib.org.cn:9980/cubes-show-32338.shtml) --- Hulusheng (Traditional Chinese 葫蘆笙, Simplifed Chinese 葫芦笙, which means "gourd sheng") is the Chinese name for one of the oldest versions of the Asian free reed mouth organ. Also called piaosheng (瓢笙, piao being another word for dried gourd), it is played by various ethnic groups in Southern China and neighbouring countries, including the Lahu, Lishu, Naxi, Yi and others and it is known by the local names of naw, nuo, ngail mo and ang. It has a dried gourd as a windchest, into which have been inserted several bamboo pipes (most often five of them) sealed into place with wax, each with a free reed mounted towards the base of the pipe. Traditionally these reeds were made from bamboo, but recently metal reeds have been used. The neck of the gourd serves as the mouthpiece. Like most Asian mouth organs, each pipe has a finger hole in the side, the reed only sounding when the hole is covered. However, unlike most Asian mouth organs, the pipes are open at both ends and the lower ends protrude through the base of the gourd. By covering the lower end of a pipe with the thumb, the resonant frequency of the pipe is changed, causing the note to be bent downwards in pitch. (https://www.patmissin.com/history/hulusheng.html)